With the rapid development of our economy, our country has gradually entered an ageing society, and this phenomenon of ageing before getting rich has also brought invisible pressure on society and families. As a result of the one-child policy that has long been in force in China, coupled with the pressure of the current employment situation, young and middle-aged people on the job are under great pressure to work and the competition is exceptionally fierce, so much so that they have no time to take care of their families and take care of the elderly. Under such special circumstances, how to enable the elderly to spend their twilight years in peace has become a hot spot of social concern and an urgent problem to be solved. In the northern cold regions, the number of elderly people with respiratory diseases is also increasing, which has some correlation with regional differences. How to improve the quality of survival of the elderly with respiratory diseases, to meet the individual needs of the aging society, and to establish the ability of self-care and the functional exercise of the respiratory system are of positive significance. For this reason, we have established perfect nursing interventions in rehabilitation nursing guidance, and achieved better nursing results. In this paper, through the intervention of the measures of rehabilitation nursing guidance for elderly respiratory diseases, we propose the establishment of self-care mode, strengthen the respiratory function exercise, and guide the health behavior of the cold area of elderly respiratory diseases patients rehabilitation nursing guidance attempts and practices to explore, for the guidance of the clinical nursing method, and to meet the needs of the aging society of the nursing professional theoretical knowledge to provide the basis.

1、Nursing patients and clear purpose, reach a consensus

The purpose of rehabilitation training guidance for chronic respiratory diseases is to restore and develop effective respiratory function, especially to establish effective abdominal respiration; to protect the bronchial tubes and reduce the factors that cause inflammation and irritation; to enhance the heart and lung function and restore the ability to move around; to reduce complications and improve the quality of life.

Before carrying out rehabilitation training, the nurse should communicate the purpose of rehabilitation training with the patient to obtain the patient's understanding and cooperation. And encourage the patient to actively participate in the training of rehabilitation guidance, to establish the patient's self-care mode and ability. At the same time, let the accompanying family members assist and supervise and monitor the implementation of the patient's exercise, so that the training can be carried out effectively.

2, Nursing care guidance

2.1 Respiratory care

Help patients cough cough is the body's defense reflex, conducive to the removal of respiratory secretions and harmful factors, chronic cough is also one of the common symptoms of COPD patients, patients due to the inability to cough or long-term coughing and neglect the condition or cough suppressant treatment, these are COPD patients on the common response to coughing, when the patient's inability to cough and sputum is more active to assist the patient to knock the back of the humidification of the airway conducive to sputum discharge. For irritating dry cough, avoid stimulating the airway to facilitate the expulsion of sputum. For irritating dry cough to avoid stimulating substances, for dry cough without sputum, drink more water to maintain environmental humidity can reduce the symptoms, for sputum and more sputum and have the strength to cough patients are encouraged to drink more water, and coughing to deep inhalation at the end of the breath-holding 1 ~ 2s in the exhalation of coughing, in order to put the depth of the airways of the sputum out. Help the patient to knock the back knocking back can make the secretion and airway separation, drainage to the fine bronchial discharge, knocking back according to the patient's condition, moderate force, observe the patient's response, knocking and knocking after the rest period to guide the patient to deep breathing and effective cough alternately. Methods:Two fingers together, so that the palm side of the ring, with the power of the wrist from the bottom of the lungs from the bottom up, from the outside to the inside of the rapid and rhythmic percussion of the chest wall.

2.2 Psychological care

Most of the patients in the acute exacerbation of COPD have a rapid onset of the disease and are in serious condition, so they will have a series of adverse psychological reactions such as nervousness, fear, pessimism, depression, and worry about the economic burden. To address the patients' adverse psychological care: respect and care for the patients, give help in life, understand the reasons for the patients' adverse psychology, comfort the patients to eliminate tension, explain the patients' symptoms and signs can be relieved after taking medication or treatment. Keep the environment quiet and comfortable, create a good rest environment. Enhance the ward visits to care for comfort patients, help patients to find the cause of fear and discomfort, timely symptomatic treatment, and promote mutual trust between nurses and patients. Explain disease-related knowledge, introduce the doctor and nurse in charge and the treatment plan. Help to establish a harmonious relationship between patients. Do a good job of explaining the work of family members, hoping that family members care for and support the patient, help him or her to establish confidence in fighting the disease and maintain the patient's self-esteem. Give care and attention in life, strengthen basic nursing care, and implement high-quality technical services in the nursing process, so as to create a relationship of mutual trust between nurses and patients.

Tell some inspirational stories to let patients establish confidence in recovery, tenacious fight against the disease, to promote the stabilization of the condition and recovery. And tell the positive emotion is favorable to the recovery of the disease. For the first application of non-invasive ventilator patients, do a good job of explaining the necessity and importance of the use of ventilator therapy, and provide a comfortable environment, give companionship and provide a realistic guarantee, please rehabilitated patients present to make them understand the therapeutic effect and the prognosis, to enhance their confidence, and to eliminate the fear of psychology. In addition, the nursing staff fully understand the mood of the patients, answer all the questions, try to meet the needs of the patients, but also with skillful techniques to obtain the trust of patients and their families, to ensure that the medication is accurately and timely applied to the patients to achieve the therapeutic purpose.

2.3 Dietary guidance

COPO patients suffer from malnutrition, emaciation and hypoproteinemia, which leads to decreased immunity and easy to catch a cold, causing relapse. Reasonable diet is also an important part of patients' self-health care. Mainly light and easy to digest, high protein and high vitamin soft liquid food, and should not eat too much too full, small meals, reduce their own oxygen consumption, drink more water to ensure water intake to replenish respiratory loss of water. The intake ratio is 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein, and increase the intake of vitamin A, B, C, E, zinc, calcium, iron and other nutrients. Intravenous supplemental nutrition when necessary.

When the disease is stabilized, protein should be supplemented with new milk, eggs, lean meat, soy products, etc. Lamb, beef and dog meat can be eaten in cold weather. Multivitamins should be given to spinach, tomatoes, citrus and other green leafy vegetables and fresh fruits when the disease flares up. It is advisable to use qi to stop cough and phlegm food, such as lotus seed, lily, loquat. During the period of remission, food that strengthens the spleen and tonifies the kidneys and nourishes the lungs can be used, such as peach meat, red dates, white fungus, bird's nest, mealybugs, abalone, strawberries, and white fruits. Prohibit drinking and smoking, and avoid stimulating and spicy foods. Because it can lead to spasm of the smooth muscle of the trachea and bronchial tubes, make the cough worse, increase sputum, and aggravate the condition.2.5 Exercise guidance patients can be based on the condition of the recovery.

3、Recovery guidance

3.1 Psychological guidance

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is very harmful to human body, patients are prone to anxiety, pessimism, fear of psychological initiative to approach the patient to listen to the patient to understand the patient's psychology, to help the patient to understand the current condition, the degree of disease-related knowledge and symptoms,